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Description	There are three main types of heat pumps, vapour compression, adsorption and absorption heat pumps. In the majority of cases compression heat pumps are used. For operation they need mechanical energy. Heat pumps reverse the natural heat flow from a higher to a lower temperature. In heating mode heat pumps transfer heat from the surroundings into buildings. In cooling mode they transfer heat in the opposite direction. The most frequently used sources of energy for heat pumps are air (Air Source Heat Pump, ASHP) and water (Water Source Heat Pump, WSHP), but also soil and waste can be used. Centralized and decentralized heat pumps are available, whereby the latter are used to heat or cool one room or part of the building only.
Advantages	Low CO2-emissions Allows for heating and for cooling Lower operating costs compared to conventional gas condensing boilers Subsidies
Disadvantages	High investment cost (technology is still very expensive) Limited application of ground water heat pumps Restrictions regarding the use of soil water pumps Decentralized heat pumps: acoustic emission
Characteristic features	Interior space heating and cooling is provided by air source heat pumps
Application barriers	High investment cost (Costs range from 200 – 500 €/kWth for ambient air as energy source to 1000 – 1500 €/kWth for ground systems) Limited usability
Information sources	http://heatpumpcentre.org http://waermepumpe.de http://colt-info.de (decentralized heat pumps)
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Trade:	Building services

Parameter	Minimal Value	Maximal Value	Unit
Dimensions	871/300/630	1680/1000/1710	W/D/H in mm
Weight	57	148	kg
COP	1.98	5.0
COP Annual Degradation Rate			%
Permitted Operating Temperature	-25	58	°C
Heating Capacity	2.97	20.20	kW
EER	2.2	2.5
Cooling capacity	4.2	13.1	kW
Heat Transfer Nominal Flow	0.18	2.754	m3/h
Pressure Level	0.05	3.1	MPa
Sound Power Level	42	76	dBA
Type of Refrigerant	R404A, R410A, R407C
CO Emission	medium	medium	ppm
NOX Emission	high	high	ppm
Investment Cost			€/kW
Operating Cost	1.16	34.79	€/kW
Replacement Cost	low	low	€/year
Life Expectancy	15	20	years

Deterioration	Description
Causes
Parameter
Degradation Rate
Measurement

The Design4Energy project aims to address evolutionary life-cycle evolutionary design methodology able to create energy-efficient buildings flexibly connected with the neighbourhood energy system.

BL(Ti)=0.788