Small Wind Turbines (Horizontal Axis)
Description | Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) are built with a main rotor shaft and an electrical generator that are installed on the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind. The small turbines can be pointed into the wind by a simple wind vane, while large turbines often use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation which is more suitable to drive an electrical generator. |
---|---|
Advantages |
|
Disadvantages |
Noise exposure which reduces especially the applicability in urban areas |
Characteristic features |
Conversion of kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power |
Application barriers |
High initial investment cost |
Information sources | http://www.nordex-online.com http://www.braun-windturbinen.com http://www.vestas.com/ http://wind-turbine.com |
Image | |
Trade: | Building services |
Parameter | Minimal Value | Maximal Value | Unit |
---|---|---|---|
Nominal Power |
kW | ||
Nominal Wind Speed |
m/s | ||
Start Wind Speed |
m/s | ||
Stop Wind Speed |
m/s | ||
Maximum Wind Speed Allowed |
km/h | ||
Rotor Weight |
kg | ||
Rotor Diameter |
m | ||
Rotor Surface |
m2 | ||
Mast Height |
m | ||
Maximum Rotation Speed |
rpm | ||
Transmission |
Gearless, Spur gear/planet gears, Compact shaft mounted gear, No brake system |
||
Safety |
Pitch-control + generator overload regulation, Inductors, Blade pitch control, Electrical, Optional remote control at tower base, Short circuit in generator, Disk brake + Mech tip brake, Parking brake system, Stall, Electro-dynamic, Electromagnetic, Electronic"Pitch-control + generator overload regulation, Inductors, Blade pitch control, Electrical, Optional remote control at tower base, Short circuit in generator, Disk brake + Mech tip brake, Parking brake system, Stall, Electro-dynamic, Electromagnetic, Electronic" cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. |
||
Number of Blades | |||
Material Blades | |||
Voltage (AC) |
V | ||
Minimum Operating Temperature |
°C | ||
Maximum Operating Temperature |
°C | ||
Noise at 20 m Distance with 5 m/s |
DB | ||
Positioning | |||
Operating Efficiency |
% | ||
Annual Degradation Rate in Efficiency |
% | ||
Annual Produced Energy |
kWh | ||
Investment Cost |
€/kW | ||
Operational Cost |
% of capital cost | ||
Maintenance Cost |
% of the turbine cost | ||
Life Expectancy |
years |