| Advantages
|
*Can be combined with renewable energy sources
*Drastically reduces energy consumption +
|
| Application barriers
|
High initial investment cost +
|
| Covered SurfaceMin
|
N/A +
|
| Description
|
District heating transports the heat gener … District heating transports the heat generated in a centralized location via a pre-insulated pipework to residential, public and commercial buildings for their heating. Usually water is used to transport the heat, but also steam is possible. A heat exchanger connects the heat network with the central heating of the building. There are also district cooling systems working on the same principles. On average, over 80 per cent of heat supplied by district heating originates from renewable energy sources or heat recovery. The main idea behind modern district heating is to capture the surplus heat from energy generation or industrial processes and to recycle this otherwise wasted heat.and to recycle this otherwise wasted heat. +
|
| DiameterMax
|
20 +
|
| DiameterMin
|
9 +
|
| DimensionsMax
|
50 +
|
| DimensionsMin
|
15 +
|
| Disadvantages
|
*Some heat loss during transportation; par … *Some heat loss during transportation; particularly for district heating systems using steam
*High initial investment cost
*Heat is less portable than energy: The operator is inclined to incentivise users to use as much heat as possible, decouraging investment in insulating poorly insulated buildingst in insulating poorly insulated buildings +
|
| Heating CapacityMax
|
100 W/m2 +
|
| Heating CapacityMin
|
35 W/m2 +
|
| Investment CostMax
|
20 €/m2 +
|
| Investment CostMin
|
5 €/m2 +
|
| Life ExpectancyMax
|
35 +
|
| Life ExpectancyMin
|
15 +
|
| MaterialMin
|
Polyethylene +
|
| Moisture BarrierMax
|
N +
|
| Moisture BarrierMin
|
N +
|
| Operational CostMax
|
3 €/m2year +
|
| Operational CostMin
|
0.3 €/m2year +
|
| Peripheral ZoneMax
|
? +
|
| Peripheral ZoneMin
|
? +
|
| Replacement CostMax
|
4 €/m2year +
|
| Replacement CostMin
|
0 +
|
| Separation Between PipesMax
|
300 +
|
| Separation Between PipesMin
|
50 +
|
| Thermal ConductivityMax
|
0.5 +
|
| Thermal ConductivityMin
|
0,4 +
|
| Thermal Gradient CoolingMax
|
15 +
|
| Thermal Gradient CoolingMin
|
7 +
|
| Thermal Gradient HeatingMax
|
23 +
|
| Thermal Gradient HeatingMin
|
10 +
|
| Thickness of MortarMax
|
40 +
|
| Thickness of MortarMin
|
15 +
|
| Trade
|
Building services +
|
| Water VolumeMax
|
0,314 +
|
| Water VolumeMin
|
0,064 +
|
| WeightMax
|
70 kg/m2 +
|
| WeightMin
|
1.5 kg/m2 +
|
| Categories |
ES 1 +
, ES 2 +
, ES 3 +
, Energy Distribution +
, Renewable Energies +
, Heating +
, Cooling +
|
| Modification dateThis property is a special property in this wiki.
|
28 February 2017 20:43:09 +
|
